Apr 27, 2019 alternatively, with the development of molecular marker technologies, marker assisted backcrossing mabc shows promise for application in many crops. Markerassisted backcrossing single and multiple genes. Transgenesis, markerassisted backcrossing, substantial equivalence, transcriptome profile, xa21 background the primary objective of breeding in agriculture is to develop plants of desired genotypes or traits, such as high yields and resistance to adverse environmental impact. In this article, we will address general principles and methodologies of markerassisted breeding in plants and discuss some issues related to the procedures and applications of this methodology in practical breeding, including markerassisted selection, markerbased backcrossing, markerbased pyramiding of multiple genes, etc. Flooding is one of the major hazards of rice production for the rainfed lowland rice ecosystem, and tolerant cultivars are urgently needed to help protect farmers from submergence damage. Nov 27, 2019 backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. Mabc has three major advantages over conventional backcrossing. Pdf on jan 1, 2000, ae melchinger and others published plabsim. Ssr assays require only very small dna samples 100 ng per individual and low startup costs for manual assay methods. The worlds population is increasing very rapidly, reducing the cultivable land of rice, decreasing table water, emerging new diseases and pests, and the climate changes are major issues that must be addressed to researchers to develop sustainable. Markerassisted backcrossing is routinely applied in breeding programs for gene introgression. The resistance gene to race 1 of this causal agent, fom2, has been previously cloned and its sequence is available.
Conventional backcrossing markerassisted backcrossing f1 bc1 c bc2 c bc3 bc10 bc20 f1 c bc1 bc2 markers can be used to greatly minimize the amount of donor chromosome. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. The objectives of this study were to determine in marker assisted backcrossing mab i the optimum distances d 1, d 2 between the flanking markers and the target locus and ii the minimum number of individuals n required for obtaining with a certain probability a given number of individuals that carry the donor allele at the target locus. Agronomy free fulltext development of sakon nakhon rice. We use molecular markers to assist the backcrossing programs, helping to reduce the number of backcross generations. Molecular markers and markerassisted breeding in plants.
In soybean, markerassisted backcrossing was used to transfer a null allele of. Under mabc, the selection of plants with heterozygous markers for the target trait to be crossed with the recurrent parent is more efficient and thus improves the accuracy and reduces the time. Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. Lande and thompson 1990 then pioneered the theoretical studies of mas for quantitative traits, which triggered the publication of a series of simulation studies through the 1990s e. References for markersassisted selection markerassisted. Marker assisted backcrossing eurofins biodiagnostics. Enhanced resistance in wheat against stem rust achieved by. These important features make microsatellites a potent marker for molecular population genetics, marker assisted breeding, dna fingerprinting, conservation genetics qtl mapping, and positional cloning of target genes. Regarding this, mabc can contribute to develop resistant or highyielding or quality rice varieties by incorporating a gene of interest into an elite variety which is. Markerassisted introgression of quantitative trait loci. Efforts to bring marker assisted breeding mab into wide adoption for horticultural crop improvement will benefit from targeted utilization of synteny among related crops and information from model plants to develop markers for use in standard breeding methods, e. Marker assisted backcrossing mabc was used to transfer the three stem rust.
Marker assisted backcrossing for introgression of fusarium. Jan 12, 2014 this video explains the process of marker assisted selection or mas and how it is done to develop better quality crops for more information, log on to. These important features make microsatellites a potent marker for molecular population genetics, markerassisted breeding, dna fingerprinting, conservation genetics qtl mapping, and positional cloning of target genes. Pericarp pigmentation of each of the f 2 progeny was scored at full maturity of grain. Marker assisted backcrossing breeding in plant breeding. Three xoo races were used to inoculate the improved lines following the clipping method.
Efforts to bring markerassisted breeding mab into wide adoption for horticultural crop improvement will benefit from targeted utilization of synteny among related crops and information from model plants to develop markers for use in standard breeding methods, e. Agronomy free fulltext development of sakon nakhon. All of the abls lacked the subunit but grew and reproduced normally without. In this treatise, we develop a theory for marker assisted selection for the proportion of the. Scientists have researched applications such as the characterization of genetic variation, molecular marker assisted backcrossing, quantitative trait mapping, and molecular marker assisted selection charcosset and gal. Mabc markerassisted backcrossing mage markerassisted germplasm evaluation mars markerassisted recurrent selection mas markerassisted selection mayg mapping as you go mpi max planckinstitut mta materials transfer agreement nil near isogenic line oecd organisation for economic cooperation and development. In this treatise, we develop a theory for markerassisted selection for the proportion of. Marker assisted backcrossing mabc is one of the most promising. A highquality rice variety, lt2, was used as the recipient parent. Abstract mabc marker assisted backcross method approach plays vital role for basic research applications in rice to develop new and advance varieties with much greater precision than conventional backcrossing. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms. Pdf the worlds population is increasing very rapidly, reducing the cultivable land of rice, decreasing.
First, the leucinerich repeats lrr domain of fom 2 from resistant and susceptible genotypes was sequenced to develop functional markers. The presence of a target allele in an individual is diagnosed by monitoring the genotype at markers linked to the gene for alleles of the donor parent. Genomics assisted crop improvement gaci offers a wide range of opportunities to identify major loci influencing the target traits and to select plants with the desirable combination of alleles with marker assisted selection mas, markerassisted backcrossing mabc or markerassisted recurrent selection mars. Genomics assisted crop improvement gaci offers a wide range of opportunities to identify major loci influencing the target traits and to select plants with the desirable combination of alleles with marker assisted selection mas, marker assisted backcrossing mabc or marker assisted recurrent selection mars. Jun 01, 2005 marker assisted backcrossing is routinely applied in breeding programs for gene introgression. Rapid and highprecision marker assisted backcrossing to.
Introgression of sub1 qtl into br22 using marker assisted. Marker assisted backcrossing eurofins biodiagnostics eurofins. Jul 12, 2016 similarly in maize, using markerassisted backcrossing a major qtl for oil content was transferred to an elite hybrid. Three general levels of markerassisted backcrossing mab can be described holland 2004. Markerassisted backcrossing mabc mabc is a precise and an effective method to introgress a single locus controlling a trait of interest while retaining the essential characteristics of the rp. Bmas, background marker assisted selectiongenomic dna extraction and ssr marker analysis results and discussion total dna was isolated from young leaves of hwangkeum to develop the nils for blp resistance gene, rxp, we carriedkong, taekwangkong, ss22, and all bc plants using the modi out three. Three general levels of marker assisted backcrossing mab can be described holland 2004. Brri dhan 51 through marker assisted backcrossing mabc technique. Focusing on transcriptome variation and perturbation to signaling pathways, we assessed the molecular and biological. It is known that mabc is effective for genes or quantitative trait. The resistance gene xa21 was introduced into lt2 by marker assisted backcrossing. In this scenario, three levels of selection approaches viz.
Do transgenesis and markerassisted backcross breeding. At eurofins biodiagnostics, we use molecular markers, primarily snp markers, to assist backcrossing programs, helping to reduce the number of backcross generations, and greatly decreasing the. The scheme of the markerassisted backcrossing approach used is illustrated in fig. Early generation analysis of lengths of heterozygous chromosome segments around a locus held heterozygous with backcrossing or selfing. Marker assisted backcrossing is routinely applied in breeding programs for gene introgression. Markerassisted foreground selection markerassisted foreground selection was proposed by tanksley 1983. While selection theory is the most important tool for the design of breeding programs for improvement of quantitative characters, no general selection theory is available for marker assisted backcrossing. Microsatellite marker is codominant, plentiful, multiallelic, and can be identified by simple and reproducible assays. Mar 04, 2015 marker assisted backcrossing mabc is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular markers to identify and select genes controlling resistance to those factors. Selection theory for markerassisted backcrossing genetics.
However, skn is very susceptible to blast disease caused by. Dec, 2017 the objective of this research was the introgression of fom2 from one resistant isabelle genotype into two susceptible cultivars garmak and tiletorogh via marker assisted backcrossing. E minimum sample size and optimal positioning of flanking markers in markerassisted backcrossing for transfer of a target gene. A cautiously optimistic vision for marker assisted breeding. Irbb21, which carries the xa21 gene, was used as the donor parent. The presence of a target allele in an individual is diagnosed by monitoring the genotype at markers linked to. Software for simulation of markerassisted backcrossing. Marker assisted backcrossing mabc is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular markers to identify and select genes controlling resistance to those factors. Improvement of rice crop by markerassisted backcross method. Microsatelliteassisted backcross selection in maize scielo.
First, popmin should be used before a markerassisted backcross program is started in order to optimize the breeding scheme under various constraints. Recurrent backcrossing is an established procedure to transfer target genes from a donor into the genetic background of a recipient genotype. Transgenesis, marker assisted backcrossing, substantial equivalence, transcriptome profile, xa21 background the primary objective of breeding in agriculture is to develop plants of desired genotypes or traits, such as high yields and resistance to adverse environmental impact. Agriculture and environmental biotechnology markerassisted backcrossing. In the first level, markers can be used in combination with or to replace screening for the target gene or qtl. Hwayeong was selected as the donor parent for the pb1 gene based on 10 years. One of the tools which can make it easier and faster for scientists to select plant traits is marker assisted selection mas. The use of dna markers in backcrossing greatly increases the efficiency of selection. This is in sharp contrast to the broad acceptance of plants produced by breeding through marker assisted backcrossing mab. It is known that mabc is effective for genes or quantitative trait loci qtls with large variations in phenotype. Nowadays, marker assisted breeding studies are mostly applied in the backcrossing method. Focusing on transcriptome variation and perturbation to signaling pathways, we assessed the molecular and. Comparison of phenotypic and marker assisted selection for quantitative traits in. Marker assisted backcross breeding approach to improve.
Now, however, biotechnology has considerably shortened the time to 710 years for new crop varieties to be brought to the market. Marker assisted backcrossing mabc mabc is a precise and an effective method to introgress a single locus controlling a trait of interest while retaining the essential characteristics of the rp. May 27, 2014 marker assisted backcrossing breeding has become one of the essential tools in transferring novel genes to adapted varieties and was employed to pyramid three blast resistance genes pi1, pi2 and pi33 to a popular susceptible rice variety adt43. Alternatively, with the development of molecular marker technologies, markerassisted backcrossing mabc shows promise for application in many crops. Marker assisted breeding an overview sciencedirect topics. Marker assisted backcross breeding approach to improve blast. Research article open access do transgenesis and marker. Jul 23, 2014 to remove this undesirable allergen and simultaneously improve the seed nutritional value and food.
In this article, we will address general principles and methodologies of marker assisted breeding in plants and discuss some issues related to the procedures and applications of this methodology in practical breeding, including marker assisted selection, marker based backcrossing, marker based pyramiding of multiple genes, etc. The method of backcrossing is applied with the help of molecular markers in modern genetics. This video explains the process of marker assisted selection or mas and how it is done to develop better quality crops for more information, log on to. Abdul malekf and mohammad abdul latifg adepartment of crop science, faculty of agriculture, universiti putra malaysia, 43400 upm serdang. A susceptible cultivar is most easily converted to a resistant form by backcrossing, a process which can be accelerated by the introduction of marker assisted selection. A cautiously optimistic vision for markerassisted breeding. The objectives of this study were to determine in markerassisted backcrossing mab i the optimum distances d 1, d 2 between the flanking markers and the target locus and ii the minimum number of individuals n required for obtaining with a certain probability a given number of individuals that carry the donor allele at the target locus.
Overview of dna markers, qtl mapping, and markerassisted selection a features of cereal breeding the fundamental basis of plant breeding is the selection of speci. Abstract mabc markerassisted backcross method approach plays vital role for basic research applications in rice to develop new and advance varieties with much greater precision than conventional backcrossing. The length of the intact donor chromosome segment around a. Developing markerassisted selection strategies for breeding hybrid rice. The sakon nakhon skn rice cultivar is nonphotosensitive, rich in aroma, and an excellent choice for cooking quality. Breeding strategies including marker assisted backcrossing, forward breeding, mas involving doubled haploid technology and f2 enrichment have been successfully utilized for this purpose.
The process of developing new crop varieties can take almost 25 years. Mas is based on the concept that it is possible to infer the presence of a gene from the presence of a marker which is tightly linked to the gene of interest. Main function of mabc is to reduce the chromosome size of a donor parent. Bmas, background markerassisted selectiongenomic dna extraction and ssr marker analysis results and discussion total dna was isolated from young leaves of hwangkeum to develop the nils for blp resistance gene, rxp, we carriedkong, taekwangkong, ss22, and all bc plants using the modi out three. Markerassisted gene pyramiding for inbred line development.
Enhanced resistance in wheat against stem rust achieved by marker. The resistance gene xa21 was introduced into lt2 by markerassisted backcrossing. A quick and efficient strategy was implemented to introgress. Gene pyramiding process was facilitated by marker aided selection for both foreground as well as background genotype. A microsatellite marker ssr was chosen to simulate a target allele and three criteria 02, 04 and 06 markers per chromosome were tested to evaluate the most. Marker assisted accelerated introgression of null allele. Marker assisted selection mas refers to indirect selection for a desired plant phenotype based on the banding pattern of linked molecular dna markers. More often, however, molecular breeding implies molecular markerassisted. Markerassisted foreground and background selection of.
Mar 01, 2001 recurrent backcrossing is an established procedure to transfer target genes from a donor into the genetic background of a recipient genotype. Applications and potentials of marker assisted selection. Comparison of phenotypic and markerassisted selection for quantitative traits in. The objective of this research was the introgression of fom2 from one resistant isabelle genotype into two susceptible cultivars garmak and tiletorogh via. Flow of presentation introduction utilization of markers in backcrossing i. Recombinant selection case study conclusion 9142016 2 3. Marker assisted backcrossing pham thi thu ea 1,2, a, ao tan khang 1, b, phung thi tuyen 1, c, tran bao toanp, d, kguyen kgoc euong2, e, kguyen thi lang 2, f, bui chi buu4, g and tran aang uuan1, h, 1graduate pchool for international aevelopment and cooperation iabc, eiroshima university, 7398529, japan. Development of new drought tolerant breeding lines for. Marker assisted foreground selection marker assisted foreground selection was proposed by tanksley 1983. Markerassisted backcrossing anilkumar, c palb5062 2. In the presented work, a null allele of kti from pi542044 was introgressed into cultivar js9752 recurrent parent through marker assisted backcrossing. Marker assisted backcrossing breeding has become one of the essential tools in transferring novel genes to adapted varieties and was employed to pyramid three blast resistance genes pi1, pi2 and pi33 to a popular susceptible rice variety adt43.
Pdf rapid and highprecision marker assisted backcrossing. Crop science abstract minimum sample size and optimal. Markerassisted selection is based on marker information only pure mas or on. Foreground selection in bc 1 f 2, bc 2 f 2 and bc 3 f 2 was carried out using the null allelespecific marker in tandem with ssr marker satt228, tightly linked with a trypsin inhibitor. While selection theory is the most important tool for the design of breeding programs for improvement of quantitative characters, no general selection theory is available for markerassisted backcrossing.
The potential impact of genetically modified gm plants on human health has attracted much attention worldwide, and the issue remains controversial. Nowadays, markerassisted breeding studies are mostly applied in the backcrossing method. Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection mas is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker morphological, biochemical or dnarna variation linked to a trait of interest e. Marker assisted backcrossing conventional backcrossing can take up to five generations to recover the recurrent parent along with the desired traits. Marker assisted backcross breeding linkedin slideshare. Markerassisted backcrossing to improve seed oleic acid. Huw234, along with its susceptibility to stem rust, has provided an ideal opportunity to perform a marker assisted backcrossing program. Developing marker assisted selection strategies for breeding hybrid rice. Molecular breeding market by process qtl mapping, marker. Feb 26, 2015 marker assisted backcrossing mabc is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular markers to identify and select genes controlling resistance to those factors. By assessing the parental origin of alleles at markers flanking the target locus one can select individuals with a short intact donor chromosome segment around the target gene and thus reduce the linkage drag. Similarly in maize, using markerassisted backcrossing a major qtl for oil content was transferred to an elite hybrid. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms backcrossed hybrids are sometimes described with acronym bc, for example, an f1 hybrid crossed. Marker assisted backcrossing mabc is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular.
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